Breeding Sites of Bluetongue Virus Vectors, Belgium
نویسندگان
چکیده
1. Hayes EB, Sejvar JJ, Zaki SR, Lanciotti RS, Bode AV, Campbell GL. Virology, pathology, and clinical manifestations of West Nile virus disease. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:1174–9. 2. Hayes EB, Gubler DJ. West Nile virus: epidemiology and clinical features of an emerging epidemic in the United States. Annu Rev Med. 2006;57:181–94. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.med.57.121304.131418 3. Burt FJ, Grobbelaar AA, Leman PA, Anthony FS, Gibson GV, Swanepoel R. Phylogenetic relationships of southern African West Nile virus isolates. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:820–6. 4. Lvov DK, Butenko AM, Gromashevsky VL, Kovtunov AI, Prilipov AG, Kinney R, et al. West Nile virus and other zoonotic viruses in Russia: examples of emergingreemerging situations. Arch Virol Suppl. 2004;18:85–96. 5. Bondre VP, Jadi RS, Mishra AC, Yergolkar PN, Arankalle VA. West Nile virus isolates from India: evidence for a distinct genetic lineage. J Gen Virol. 2007;88:875–84. DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82403-0 6. Beasley DW, Li L, Suderman MT, Barrett AD. Mouse neuroinvasive phenotype of West Nile virus strains varies depending upon virus genotype. Virology. 2002;296:17–23. DOI: 10.1006/ viro.2002.1372 7. Venter M, Human S, Zaayman D, Gerdes GH, Williams J, Steyl J, et al. Lineage 2 West Nile virus as cause of fatal neurologic disease in horses, South Africa. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:877–84. DOI: 10.3201/eid1506.081515 8. Venter M, Myers TG, Wilson MA, Kindt TJ, Paweska JT, Burt FJ, et al. Gene expression in mice infected with West Nile virus strains of different neurovirulence. Virology. 2005;342:119–40. DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.07.013 9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Laboratory-acquired West Nile virus infections⎯United States, 2002. JAMA. 2003;289:414–5. DOI: 10.1001/ jama.289.4.414 10. Venter M, Burt FJ, Blumberg L, Fickl H, Paweska J, Swanepoel R. Cytokine induction after laboratory-acquired West Nile virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1260–2. DOI: 10.1056/ NEJMc0808647
منابع مشابه
Breeding sites of bluetongue vectors in northern Europe.
SIR, – Bluetongue has recently been spreading in northern Europe, starting in Belgium and the Netherlands in August 2006. In 2006 there were 695 outbreaks in Belgium (399 sheep farms and 296 cattle farms). In 2007, according to data provided by the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain (www.afsca.be), 6598 Belgian farms were affected (4187 cattle farms, 2398 sheep farms and 13 goat fa...
متن کاملAre Bogs Reservoirs for Emerging Disease Vectors? Evaluation of Culicoides Populations in the Hautes Fagnes Nature Reserve (Belgium)
Several species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midges serve as biological vectors for the bluetongue virus (BTV) and the recently described Schmallenberg virus (SBV) in northern Europe. Since their recent emergence in this part of the continent, these diseases have caused considerable economic losses to the sheep and cattle industries. Much data is now available that describe t...
متن کاملBluetongue in Belgium, 2006
Bluetongue has emerged recently in Belgium. A bluetongue virus strain was isolated and characterized as serotype 8. Two new real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCRs (RT-qPCRs) that amplified 2 different segments of bluetongue virus detected this exotic strain. These 2 RT-qPCRs detected infection earlier than a competitive ELISA for antibody detection.
متن کاملBluetongue in Europe
Bluetongue (BT) is a potentially devastating midge-borne disease of ruminants that recently spread across Europe from its traditional tropical endemic areas. Historically, bluetongue virus (BTV) made only brief and rare incursions into fringe areas of Europe, with the Afro-Asian biting midge vector Culicoides imicola being largely responsible for transmission. Since 1998, however, different str...
متن کاملBluetongue Virus in Wild Deer, Belgium, 2005–2008
To investigate bluetongue virus serotype 8 infection in Belgium, we conducted a virologic and serologic survey on 2,416 free-ranging cervids during 2005-2008. Infection emerged in 2006 and spread over the study area in red deer, but not in roe deer.
متن کاملSeasonal effects on the prevalence of bluetongue in small ruminants in west Azarbaijan, Iran
BACK GROUND: Bluetongue virus (BTV) is recognized to infect ruminants all around the world, and its prevalence mainly depends on the BTV situation, vectors distribution, weather patterns and susceptibility of the host. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to draw a correlation between the prevalence of BTV antibodies and climate changes in Iranian Azerbaijan Province. METHODS: Sera samples...
متن کامل